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case oi' normal operation (a above), the
u s e d  i n  c o m m u n i c a t i o n systems. The
MARK X IFF challenges to sif equipped
m o d e s are identified as follows:
t r a n s p o n d e r sets consist of pulse pairs
(1) Mode 1, IFF.
t h a t represent modes 1, 2, and 3, re-
(2) Mode 2, personal identification.
s p e c t i v e l y . The transponder set reply is
(3)  Mode 3, flight leader identification.
a coded pulse train with a number of se-
b. Replies. Transmitted replies consist
lectable codes for each reply mode.
o f bursts of rf pulses which have been
c. Civil Reply Codes. C i v i l  i n t e r r o g a -
a r r a n g e d with specific characteristics in
t i o n s , which also consist of pulse pairs
t i m e and position. The type of reply is
that represent modes 1, 2, and 3, provide
determined by the interrogation mode and
t h e necessary overlap between civil and
the operator code control selection. Spe-
IFF systems for compatibility. Replies in
cialized replies are available to the oper-
c i v i l function setting are identical with
a t o r for identification of position (i/p)
those in modified function setting ( b
and emergency operations as required by
a b o v e ) , except for the civil i/p reply ( d
t a c t i c a l situations. Mode 1 provides 32
below).
code combinations; mode 2 provides 4,096
d . Identification af Position Reply Code.
code combinations; and mode 3 provides
I/p replies can be made to any of the above
64 code combinations. The combination and
r e p l y codes (modes 1, 2, and 3). These
separation of pulses form predetermined
codes consist of repeated type replies. The
coded reply trains which are received by
c i v i l i/p reply train is not repeated but
the ground-based IFF radar interrogator
will be present for each interrogation re-
station. The ground equipment uses a go-
c e i v e d . All i/p functions are sustained
no-go decoder system to make sure the
for 30 seconds +20 -15.
r e c e i v e d coded reply train is according
e. Emergency
With
the
to tactical orders.
Reply
Code.
e m e r g e n c y function and normal function
16. Reply Coding by Category
selection, the reply consists of our pulses.
In the modified or civil function, the emer-
a. Normal Operation. I n a c o n v e n t i o n a l
gency reply to mode 1 and mode 3 inter-
Mark X IFF system, the transponder set
rogations will be the selected reply code
is challenged by pulse pairs that represent
displayed four times at the ground-based
modes 1, 2, and 3. The transponder set,
IFF radar interrogation station for each
operating in the normal category replies
i n t e r r o g a t i o n .  T h e mode 2 reply in the
with a code of one (modes 1 and 3), two
(mode 2), or four (emergency) pulses.
m o d i f i e d or civil function will be the
normal mode 2 reply.
b. Modified (Sif) Reply Codes. As in the


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