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TB 430133
APPENDIX G
GLOSSARY
Amplifier
An electronic device that increases the amplitude of the input signal without
changing its frequency.
Antenna
The system component that is used to radiate or receive electromagnetic
energy into/from space.
Antenna Array
A system of antennas coupled together to enhance the response of a single
antenna element.
A decrease in the intensity of any signal as it passes through an absorbing or
scattering medium.
Average Power
The timeaveraged rate of energy transmission. For pulsed emissions, the
product of the duty cycle and the peak power.
Averaging Time
The time period, often 6 minutes, which is used in assessing the potential for
overexposure when one is evaluating RF fields.
A device which provides coupling and matching between a balanced line and
an unbalanced (i.e. coaxial) line.
Band
The continuous range of frequencies extending between two specified
limiting frequencies.
Continuous Wave (CW)
A RF transmission in which the carrier is transmitted continuously, without
any breaks. Pertaining to a laser when irradiance is constant for periods in
excess of 0.25 seconds.
Controlled Area
An area where the occupancy and activity of those within are subject to
control and supervision for the purpose of protection from radiation hazards.
Cornea
The outermost structure of the eye that interfaces with the environment.
Diffuse Reflection
Takes place when different parts of a beam incident on a surface are
reflected over a wide range of angles.
Dipole Antenna
A horizontal antenna, typically linear in design, which has its length related to
the wavelength of the signal and where the signal is typically fed at its center.
Dummy Load
A dissipative device used at the end of a transmission line or waveguide to
convert RF energy into heat so that free space radiation is prevented.
Duty Cycle
The ratio of the system "on time" to "on + off time" or total exposure duration.
Electromagnetic Radiation
The propagation of varying electric and magnetic fields through space at
some velocity depending on the medium through which it is travelling.
Feed
The part of an antenna which couples RF energy to the antenna or reflector
from the transmission line.
Frequency
The number of cycles per second of a periodic oscillation.
Hazard Distance
The distance personnel should be from the transmission main "beam"
(optics) or field (RF antenna).
Hertz (Hz)
The unit of frequency or cycles per second. (see also frequency)
Horn Antenna
An antenna consisting of a waveguide section whose crosssectional area
increases toward the open end through which electromagnetic energy is
radiated or received.
Electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths which lie within the range 0.7 m
Infrared Radiation (IR)
to 1000 m. This region is often broken down into three spectral bands by
wavelength: IRA (.7 1.4 m), IRB (1.4 3.0 ), and IRC (3 m 1000
m).
Interlock
A device used to interrupt the operation of a potentially hazardous RF/ELF or
laser source.
G-1


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